Wiki+Article-Bullying

__Bullying__

How much do we really know about bullying? According to Nansel, Overpeck, Pilla, Ruan, Simmons-Morton, & Scheidt, 2001, bullying is defined as repeated acts of aggressive behavior by one or more parties who are in a position of greater power, either socially or physically, than the recipient. The primary purpose of bullying is to intimidate the victim through the means of humiliation, abuse, and fear usually for the sake of being domineering and upholding popular status. Acts of violence in the schools have been dramatically increased especially among young people. This problem has been deemed a universal problem. Bullying is a topic that has been around for a long time but only recently has it been recognized as a serious and enveloping problem. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (2009) stated that one incident of bullying happens every 7 minutes. Bullying affects nearly one out of every three children in grades 6-10, and 55% of 8-11 year-olds and 68% of 12-15 year-olds say bullying is a big problem. There have been shootings that have taken place at schools where victims of bullying have opened fire on classmates before killing themselves. These events are devastating but it also represents the prevalence of the harmful consequences of recurrent unreported incidents of childhood bullying. Bullying in school has become a significant problem in the school system. It has now been taken to a whole new level in cyberbullying. Parents are unaware of the damage that bullying may be having on their children. With the invention of internet technology, a whole new pedophile playground has developed. When it comes to cyberbullying, parents are typically at a disadvantage due to inhibitions about technology. Parents need to know the signs and symptoms to protect their children and take action against bullies harassing their children. In order to learn where bullying come from we must look beyond the surface of the bully. There are many families today that struggle with how to appropriately express emotions, especially anger. Bullies are in families that are divided and do not have the cohesive involvement like families in decades past. Lifestyles, jobs and careers come into the forefront of priority for the family and the family does not have a lot of time to spend together. Another phenomenon that takes place is the generational abuse cycle that continues as behaviors are modeled, learned, and passed down to the next generation. When adolescents, such as the violent teens in the study, are raised in an angry and volatile environment it becomes the norm behavior and they do not know that it is inappropriate until it is already assimilated into their core behavior. The goal of the article is to identify the indicators of Boys and Girls Bullying and cyberbullying, identify the responsibilities of school, staff, and parents, and identify interventions to help prevent bullying. This article also focuses on causes that may be contributing to the problems of bullying and cyberbullying with the focus on behaviors within the individual. The article identifies that victims of cyber bullying will also become bullies within the same environment. The alias concept of a chat room makes bullying even easier to get away with and also takes off some of the social filters that people have within the context of a physically social environment. Great damage can be done behind the screen of a computer. It is not known, which is more damaging, school bullying or cyber bullying. School counselors will have an increasingly difficult job to re-teach students how to appropriately express emotion, to show that someone cares for them, and to help direct their lives away from violence and substance abuse.

__**Bullying Among Boys & Girls **__

Bullying is an increasing issue that occurs among boys and girls; however the physical form of bullying is indicated to be more

common in boys than in girls. Some studies indicate one out of every seven children in the United States has either bullied another

child or has been the victim of bullying. Bullying occurs in various forms: physical (i.e. hitting, destruction of property,), verbal (i.e.

name calling, spreading rumors) cyberbullying (i.e. harassing or threatening email) and relational aggression (primarily seen among

girls in which a child prevents another child from speaking to others). Some common characteristics of a bully are impulsive,

confrontational, lack compassion, easily irritable, domineering, views violence in a positive manner, has difficulty with complying

with rules and tends to be stronger than other children. Bullying is linked to family influences such as parents that show little

affection, very little supervision, severe physical discipline, lenient parenting and bullying behavior at home. The bully targets two

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">types of victims, the passive (shy) child and/or the provoking child (initiates negative interactions with others). Victims of bullying

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">suffer from fear of going to school, headaches, stomachaches and difficulty concentrating on schoolwork. Long-term bullying can

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">lead to depression, low self-esteem and even suicidal ideation as well as lingering wounds in adulthood. Some signs that a child is

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">being bullied are damaged or missing personal items, unexplained bruises or injuries, reluctance of going to school, poor school

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">performance, difficulty sleeping or eating, stomachaches or headaches and few friends. Bullies are indicated to bully because they

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt -0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">like having power over others, possibly being bullied, to entertain others and lack awareness that they are hurting others

__**<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Cyberbullying **__ <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Everyone can remember the playground bully that intimidated students out of their lunch money. What is it like for children being harassed at school, on the internet, or on cell phones today? Cyberspace, better known as chat rooms, the internet, Facebook, MySpace, or texting is a dangerous new playground for children and teens. There are some practical ways to identify if your child is being cyberbullied, what to do if your child is being cyberbullied, and what to do to protect your child from being the victim of cyberbullying. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Some practical ways to identify if your child has encountered a cyberbully is to know what a cyberbully wants to accomplish. The cyberbully’s goal whether at school or in cyberspace, is to intimidate or threaten and control, to be cruel by spreading rumors or leaving someone out of a group <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">( Katzer, Fetchenhauer, & Belschak, 2009) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> The cyberbully accomplishes his task of threats and control through the veil of an unknown identity <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">( Katzer, Fetchenhauer, & Belschak, 2009) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> If your child is being cyberbullied they may receive unusual phone calls late at night, or they may spend a large amount of time on the internet late at night (Wilson, 2009). Your child may also withdraw from family and friends, spend excessive amounts of time in private conversations and minimize screens when you walk into the room (safetyweb.com, 2010). These signs show that the cyberbully is being effective in eliciting fear and control over your child. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">There are steps you can take if you identify that your child is a victim of cyberbullying. First, and most important, do not panic. Save any correspondence the cyberbully has sent to your child (safetyweb.com, 2010). Second, do not continue to have contact with the cyberbully, cease any further communication. Third, block all communication by changing passwords, changing providers, or even changing your address. Fourth, never agree to meet the predator in person (safetyweb.com, 2010). And finally, notify the school, the police, your internet service provider, and possibly the local FBI. Following these steps will help keep things calm and under your control. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">As a parent, it is imperative to be knowledgeable about new technology. Do not be afraid to learn about how to set the privacy settings on your computer for internet usage. Communicate with your child in an open and accepting forum (Daniel, 2010). Be alert as to what is normal usage and contact with friends so that it can be identified if it becomes excessive. Teach your child what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior in a chatroom, on Facebook, MySpace, texting, and cell phone usage (Daniel, 2010). These suggestions are ways you can help protect your child from becoming a cyberbully victim. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Follow these suggestions on how to identify if your child is being cyberbullied, what to do if your child is being cyberbullied, and how to protect your child from further victimization. Research has shown there is not a distinction between girls or boys in cyberbullying, but there is a support in research to show that cyberbully/victim behaviors transfer between the school and the internet interchangeably <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">( Katzer, Fetchenhauer, & Belschak, 2009) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> In many states cyberbullying has become a criminal offense ( Brubacher, Fondacaro, Brank, Brown, & Miller, 2009) <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">.

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">My Child the Bully __ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">If your child is the bully typically he or she has a bad attitude, may be suffering from low self esteem, and/or bullies siblings. As parents there are several things you can do help your child stop bullying. Listed below are tips for helping a child who is the bully: <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Take your child and the incidents seriously (another child is being hurt). <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Talk to your child about the bullying and why he or she is bullying others. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Provide a safe environment at home and make sure you are not a bully. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Teach your child problem solving techniques and how to properly handle situations. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Provide your child with positive feedback as he or she works towards no longer being a bully. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Enroll your child in community or school bully prevention programs. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Encourage your child to participate in various activities <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ask a teacher or a school counselor if your child is facing any problems at school. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ask if you can become more involved at school <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ask the school counselors for advice on how you and your child can work through the problem.

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">My Child the Bystander __ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">If your child is a bystander most likely he or she feels angry, helpless, guilty, unsafe, and fearful. Most kids want to help when they see another kid being bullied. It is important the child understands that he or she should only step in when he or she feels it is safe to help. As parents there are several ways you can help your child, the bystander, with bullying incidents. Listed below are tips for helping a child who is a bullying bystander: <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Teach your child social skills that can be used to encourage the child being bullied. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Get to know their friends <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Teach your child assertiveness. Say “No” or “Stop” <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Teach your child to have compassion for others <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Be a good example; demonstrate how to help another person in need. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Show kids safe ways to help others; this can be done through role playing. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hold your child accountable. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Educate your child on bullying, why bullies bully, and on who gets bullied. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ask the school about its bullying reporting policy. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ask the school officials who your child can talk to about bullying. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ask if the school officials if they have a curriculum or programs for bullying.

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">My Child is being Bullied __ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">If your child is being bullied he or she may show signs of withdrawal, his or her grades may drop, and he or she may lose friends. Your child may also have bruises, come home with torn clothing, and ask for extra things like money or snacks. Listed below are ways to help a child who is being bullied: <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Focus on your child and let your child know that it is not his or her fault. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Be supportive of your child and encourage he or she to become involved in social activities. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gather information on the bullying incidents. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Make sure you check your emotions and do not confront the bully or his or her parents. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Educate your child on ways to avoid and prevent bullying as well as ways to get help. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Communicate with your child’s school and let them know what is going on. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Encourage school officials to begin a bullying program if they do not have one in place. <span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Help initiate bullying programs, initiatives, and curriculum.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">__Final Exam Questions (True or False):__

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">1. Boys tend to bully with phsyical behaviors, while girls bully with words.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">2. Bullies mostly pick on younger or weaker children.

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">Multiple Choice: __

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">3. Children who resort to bullying others typically do so with the intent to do all of the following except:

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">a) to threaten

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">b) to intimidate

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">c) to say they are interested in them

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">d) to ruin reputation

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">4. Bullying is a normal part of being a kid what effects can it have on children?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">a) reputations are ruined

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">b) emotional harm is done

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">c) student cosiders suicide to stop bullying affects

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">d) all of the above

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">5. If a student is being bullied, what should the parent do to stop the bullying?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">a) agree to meet the bully to work things out

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">b) keep contacting them until they are convinced they need to stop

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">c) try to bully this person back to show them how it feels

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">d) to stop communication, block all access, and tell the authorities

__**References**__

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: -0.5in;">Brubacher, M., Fondacaro, M., Brank, E., Brown, V., & Miller, S. (2009). Procedural justice in resolving family disputes: Implications for childhood bullying. //Psychology, Public Policy, and Law//, //15//(3), 149-167. doi:10.1037/a0016839. Bullying: Help your child handle a school bully (2010). Children’ s Health (25). Retrieved from __ [] __ C yberbullying (July 16, 2010). Retrieved from __ [|www.safetyweb.com] __. Daniel, P. (April 2010). A theoretical test of bullying behavior: Parenting, personality, and the <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">bully/victim relationship. //Journal of Family Violence//, //25//(3), 259-273. For Kids (2005). Stop bullying now. Retrieved from __ [] __ For Parents (2005). Stop bullying now. Retrieved from __ [] __ For Teachers (2005). Stop bullying now. Retrieved from __ [] ____ [|rs/what_is_bullying.html] __

<span style="color: black; direction: ltr; font-family: Constantia; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">Greco, J., Carneval, K., Cary, J., Laurenza, C. (2008). Partnering to prevent k-5 bullying. ASCA 2008 Annual Conference.

<span style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">__ [|Susan] ____ [|Kuchinskas] __ []

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<span style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">__ [|Http://www.pbs.org/parents/itsmylife/resources/bullies.html?anchor=lesson_plans] __

<span style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">__ Katzer, C., Fetchenhauer, D., & Belschak, F. (2009). Cyberbullying: Who are the victims?: A comparison of victimization in internet chatrooms and victimization in school. //Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications,// 21(1), 25-36. doi:10.1027/1864-1105.21.1.25. __

<span style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"> U. S. Department of Health(2010). Stop bullying now. Retrieved on July 21, 2010 from __ [|www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov] __.

<span style="color: black; direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">Wilson, K. (2007). Cyberbullying: A seven-step model to prevention. Retrieved from <span style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">__ [|www.ASCA.com/2007/cyberbullying] __

<span style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">__ [|www.cartoonstock.com] __